Key Points
o Aristotle
was born in 384 BC, in Stagira.
o
He
was student of Plato (for 20 year) and teacher of Alexander the Great, after
his father, Philip II of Macedon,
hired him to teach his son.
o
He
understood man as a rational (reasoning, we are capable of thinking what we do,
we are able to amaze, which is the basic principle of philosophy) and political
(we need to live in the "polis", as a community) animal. Moreover, he
firmly believed that only the individual, the particular, is real.
o
Supposedly
Aristotle
said: "I'm friend of Plato but more friend of truth."
o
Aristotle's Ideas (Realistic). He didn't believe in an ideal world, like Plato, instead
he believed that the concepts (individuals, objects, things, etc.) are here in
our world. In addition, our mind is the one who creates those concepts, and they
are not in other ideal world. Instead, they are in the ability to think about
the diversity of the world.
o
Founded
a school in Athens, called Aristotelian School.
o
Sciences Division:
ü Productive = Production of useful objects.
ü Practical = Human Action (here we find Ethics
and Politics)
ü Theoretical = Knowledge for knowledge's sake (here
we find Physics, Mathematics and Metaphysics ).
o
For
Aristotle,
ideas are fictitious entities, there are only individuals.
ü Individuals are substances that
support all the attributes that we preach from them.
o
Plato
and Aristotle
believed in the "Essence of Thing", the first one called it idea
or eidos
(in Greek) and the second one called it sometimes form, others gender,
essence
or ousia (in Greek).
o
He
gave birth (created) to a new science = Ethics
ü What is the purpose of the human
being in the world?
ü What does the human being aspires to
find?
·
According
to Aristotle: Happiness.
ü For Aristotle, Ethics is a reflection
on human actions in pursuit of Freedom.
o
He
died in 322 BC, in Chalcis.
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